Nicotiana

Nicotiana - Spring 2005

Flower Color, Plot Development Over Time, Data and Comments

Data and pictures will be added as time allows.

Vinca

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Vinca

Botany
Family:	Solanaceae
Scientific names:	Nicotiana affinis⁺, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, Nicotiana ×sanderae W. Watson* and Nicotiana x hybrida*. ⁺Sakata Seed America (Daehnfeldt variety) and *Floranova Plant Breeders list those scientific names the same superscripts, but they are not listed in The Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) or ⁺accepted in Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Common names:	All are often referred to as nicotiana or flowering tobacco. GRIN lists flowering tobacco and Jasmine tobacco, and **Sander's tobacco is an accepted name by the ITIS.
Native habitat:	*Southern America - Brazil at Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina; Southern South America in the countires of Argentina (provinces of Corrientes, Entre Rios and Misiones), Paraguay and Uruguay; **only cultivated. (GRIN).
	View maps related to habitat and other topics from this link to the National Geographic MapMachine: .
Pests
Common plant arthropods (insects/other)/other:	Reported arthropod symptoms in literature: broad mite, cabbage looper, corn earworm, green peach aphid, pepper weevil adults, thrips, tobacco budworm, whitefly (Featured Creatures, U. of Florida and *Floranova Plant Breeders).
	Arthropod symptoms observed in this trial: In Bradenton in the spring 2004 trial, budworm (Heliothis sp.) affected most cultivars to a minor degree, with the exception of ‘Perfume Bright Rose’, which was severely affected by budworm feeding to flowers, and slightly to the foliage, of all its plots. This damage may be seen by clicking on the gator: . Some thrips damage to flower and leafminer damage were minor.
Common plant diseases/other:	Reported disease symptoms in literature: none were found listed specifically for the ornamental species/hybrids, but here are diseases listed for commercial tobacco, N. tabacum: Alternaria alternata, leaf spot; A. longipes, brown spot; Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh, stem rot; A. oryzae, stem rot; Cercosporta nicotianae, frogeye leaf spot; Erwinia carotovaora pv. carotovora (L. R. Jones) Holland pv. carotovaora (L. R. Jones) Bergey et al., hollow stalk rot; Fusarium oxisporum Schlecht. f. nicotianae (J. Johnson) Snyd. & Hans., wilt; Peronospora tabacina Adam, blue mold; Phytophthora parasitica Dast. var. nicotianae (B. de H.) Tucker, black shank; Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Sm., Granville (bacterial) wilt, slime disease. P. syringae van Hall pv. tabaci (Wolf & Foster) Young, Dye & Wilkie, wild fire; Pythium spp., damping- off: P. aphanider-matum (Edson) Fitzp., P. debaryanum Hesse, P. ultimum Trow. Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn, damping-off, "sore-shin" of seedlings; Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., southern blight, stem rot; Steptomyxa affinis (Sherb.) Wr., scab, blotch; Thielavioupsis basicola (Berk. & Br.) Ferr., black root rot; viruses: mosaics (cumcumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus), and veinbranding (potato virus Y); None-disease physiological symptoms: chlorosis from potassium and magnesium deficiencies, dwarfing leaf curl (chloride toxicity) and weather fleck (ozone injury) (Index of Plant Diseases in Florida, 1984 revision.).
	Diseases symptoms observed in this trial: In Bradenton in the spring 2004 trial, minor symptoms of graymold on flowers and some foliar necrosis were not seriousl; However, a number of plants wilted and broke off at stem base. No primary pathogen could be isolated from this crop, but Fusarium oxisporum was isolated from other crops showing similar symptoms.
Commercial control:	Greenhouse.	Feld/shade house.
Arthropod information:	Pests identified on crops. Search the Arthropod/Host Plant Database.		Florida pest facts and images. Featured Creatures
Disease information:	Plant Disease Facts (Pennsylvania State University) Ornamental Plant Disease Fact Sheets		The American Phytopathological Society Search Common Names of Plant Diseases
More Links and Information
Performance evaluations:	Trial reports and other publications.
More resources:	Additional information.

Honors:

Best-of-class (BC). We select the best performer in each class, based on the "overall performance rating". This rating may not be high, if the class does not perform well (indicating a possible need for improvement in the class). The rating may be significantly different from one or more members of the class. If two or more members of a class received the same highest overall performance rating, we used another rating (such as overall foliage/flower rating or flower average rating) to determine BC. If only one cultivar was entered in a class, it automatically becomes uncontested BC. BC is evaluated in future trials against the performance of new entries in the same class. Refer to a report in "Articles, Papers & Reports" for detailed information. In addition to BC, other "honors" received for these cultivars may be added to BC at a later date, time permitting. Seed companies may forward these honors (awards) to Rick Kelly.

Rating System:

The rating is a 1 to 7 scale: 7- all foliage and flowers free from defects; 4- average foliage and flower condition, minimal plant defects or pest damage to tissue, but still acceptable; 1- foliage and/or flowers with severe defects and/or severely infested with pests and damage unacceptable, making plant undesirable. Plant death due to soilborne pests may be factored into the overall performance rating, if it is a significant problem. Refer to a report in "Articles, Papers & Reports" for details. If listed, ratings with an "a" are the best in a class. If cultivars share the same letters, those ratings are considered to be similar to each other. If there are no letters, there is only one cultivar in a class or all the members of a class have similar ratings.

American Takii

Ball Seed

Bodger Seeds

Floranova Plant Breeders

Goldsmith Seeds

Grimes Seeds & Plants

Kieft Seeds Holland

E. Benary Seed of America

Scroll down the page or click on the color of choice to view individual cultivars within a color class:

Dwarf Purple (Dark), Blue-Violet Class

Dwarf Green/Purple/White Class

Dwarf Blue Class

Winter

Note: only two ratings possible for this crop.

Winter

Dwarf Blue Class

Picture date:	20 May (week 13¹)	3 June (week 15)
'Perfume Blue'	Plot C	Plot A Plot C
Cultivar No: 115

Floranova Plant Breeders
Picture date:

Seed Sowing Date	Flower Diameter	Days to First Flower²	Overall Foliage/Flower Rating³	Overall Pest Rating⁴	Overall Performance Rating⁵
2/18/05	5.4 cm (2.1 inches)	49.7	5.3	5.0	5.2

Honors: Remains best-of-class, uncontested.

Comments: Uncontested best-of-class in spring 2004. Uncontested best-of-class in spring 2002. This was a special comparison, within and without a series, to see if there are any differences between a new, uncontested best-of-class entry, ‘Perfume Deep Purple’ [purple (dark), blue-violet class], and ‘Perfume Blue’ (blue class), a 2004 best-of-class from the same series; and ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ (green/purple/white class), another series and a 2002 best-of-class. This crop was short-lived in both fields and could only be evaluated twice between early and late May. All these cultivars had good to very good foliage and flower performance in early May. By mid May, lodging was evident in ‘Perfume Deep Purple’ (one plot) and ‘Perfume Blue’ (all plots), but not in ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ (highest foliage ratings). However, all the cultivars were severely damaged by insects in the unsprayed field; ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ being most affected (see pest symptoms), resulting in the lowest overall performance rating.

Pest symptoms. In the sprayed field, this crop had minor foliage feeding, some whitefly adults, and flower thips that were easily controlled; however, by mid May in the unsprayed field, nicotiana was seriously affected by insect feeding from budworms [such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens); also seen in spring 2004 in Bradenton], Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)] and tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), the latter two only seen in Balm. ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ had the lowest arthropod flower ratings. This appears to be due to the close proximity of the flowers to the foliage, where the potato beetle starts feeding. The beetle’s entire lifecycle was observed on this crop.

Details of performance for this cultivar will be posted on the web in "Articles, Papers & Reports" at the completion of this trial. These details will include ratings over the entire season and pest problems.

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114

Dwarf Green/Purple/White Class

Picture date:	20 May (week 13¹)	3 June (week 15)
'Saratoga Antique Shades'	Plot C	Plot A Plot C
Cultivar No: 114

Goldsmith Seeds
Picture date:

Seed Sowing Date	Flower Diameter	Days to First Flower²	Overall Foliage/Flower Rating³	Overall Pest Rating⁴	Overall Performance Rating⁵
2/18/05	4.4 cm (1.7 inches)	47.7	6.2	4.0	5.1

Honors: Remains best-of-class, uncontested.

Comments: Uncontested best-of-class in spring 2002. This was a special comparison, within and without a series, to see if there are any differences between a new, uncontested best-of-class entry, ‘Perfume Deep Purple’ [purple (dark), blue-violet class], and ‘Perfume Blue’ (blue class), a 2004 best-of-class from the same series; and ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ (green/purple/white class), another series and a 2002 best-of-class. This crop was short-lived in both fields and could only be evaluated twice between early and late May. All these cultivars had good to very good foliage and flower performance in early May. By mid May, lodging was evident in ‘Perfume Deep Purple’ (one plot) and ‘Perfume Blue’ (all plots), but not in ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ (highest foliage ratings). However, all the cultivars were severely damaged by insects in the unsprayed field; ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ being most affected (see pest symptoms), resulting in the lowest overall performance rating.

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Dwarf Purple (Dark), Blue-Violet Class

Picture date:	20 May (week 13¹)	3 June (week 15)
'Perfume Deep Purple'	Plot A Plot C	Plot A Plot C
Cultivar No: 3

Floranova Plant Breeders
Picture date:

Seed Sowing Date	Flower Diameter	Days to First Flower²	Overall Foliage/Flower Rating³	Overall Pest Rating⁴	Overall Performance Rating⁵
2/18/05	4.8 cm (1.9 inches)	54.7	5.8	5.2	5.5

Honors: Best-of-class, uncontested.

Comments: New entry for 2005. Uncontested best-of-class in spring 2002. This was a special comparison, within and without a series, to see if there are any differences between a new, uncontested best-of-class entry, ‘Perfume Deep Purple’ [purple (dark), blue-violet class], and ‘Perfume Blue’ (blue class), a 2004 best-of-class from the same series; and ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ (green/purple/white class), another series and a 2002 best-of-class. This crop was short-lived in both fields and could only be evaluated twice between early and late May. All these cultivars had good to very good foliage and flower performance in early May. By mid May, lodging was evident in ‘Perfume Deep Purple’ (one plot) and ‘Perfume Blue’ (all plots), but not in ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ (highest foliage ratings). However, all the cultivars were severely damaged by insects in the unsprayed field; ‘Saratoga Antique Shades’ being most affected (see pest symptoms), resulting in the lowest overall performance rating.

ROK

1. The number of weeks from seed sowing to the date the plant was photographed. Photographs were taken in a field sprayed on demand as needed, after scouting for pests, and a field that is not sprayed at all.

2. Average number of days from sowing to unfurling of the first flower in the plots.

3. The average of the combined foliage and flower data in the sprayed field as an expression of cultivar quality; rating scale: 1 = poor to 7 = excellent (details above).

4. The average of the combined foliage and flower data in the unsprayed field as an expression of arthropod and disease symptoms; rating scale: 1 = poor to 7 = excellent (details above).

5. The average of the combined overall foliage/flower rating and overall pest rating; rating scale: 1 = poor to 7 = excellent (details above). If plant death from a soilborne pathogen resulted, this was factored into the rating. See Articles, Papers & Reports for further explanation in the reports.

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